Hydrogen, the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, is a versatile energy carrier that can be produced from various sources. Here's a comprehensive overview of hydrogen production methods:

 

Steam-methane reforming (SMR):

 

 

 

SMR is the most common industrial method for hydrogen production, accounting for about 95% of global hydrogen output. It involves reacting methane, the primary component of natural gas, with steam in the presence of a catalyst at high temperatures (around 800°C). This process produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide as principal products.

In summary, hydrogen can be produced from various sources and methods, each with its own advantages and limitations. As the world transitions towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy future, hydrogen is expected to play an increasingly important role as a versatile energy carrier.