Hydrogen, the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, is a versatile energy carrier that can be produced from various sources. Here's a comprehensive overview of hydrogen production methods:
Photo
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting:         PEC water splitting utilizes semiconductor materials to directly convert sunlight into hydrogen and oxygen. This method is still in its early s...
Methane
Methane pyrolysis:   Methane pyrolysis is a high-temperature process that breaks down methane into hydrogen and carbon solids without the use of oxygen. This method is still under development but ha...
Biomass
Biomass gasification:     Biomass gasification involves converting organic matter, such as wood, agricultural waste, or municipal solid waste, into a mixture of gases, including hydrogen. This meth...
SMR
  Steam-methane reforming (SMR):       SMR is the most common industrial method for hydrogen production, accounting for about 95% of global hydrogen output. It involves reacting methane, the prim...
In summary, hydrogen can be produced from various sources and methods, each with its own advantages and limitations. As the world transitions towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy future, hydrogen is expected to play an increasingly important role as a versatile energy carrier.